Exclusive or

Time Limit: 1000ms
Memory Limit: 131072KB
This problem will be judged on HDU. Original ID: 4919
64-bit integer IO format: %I64d      Java class name: Main

Description

Given n, find the value of


Note: ⊕ denotes bitwise exclusive-or.

Input

The input consists of several tests. For each tests:

A single integer n (2≤n<10500).

Output

For each tests:

A single integer, the value of the sum.

Sample Input

3
4

Sample Output

6
4

Source

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